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<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="background-color:transparent;font-size:11pt;white-space-collapse:preserve">
    Bullying in schools is a serious issue that affects not only students’ academic performance but also their emotional well-being.
    While schools are implementing anti-bullying initiatives, many cases still go unnoticed by teachers and even parents.
    Understanding the behavioral and emotional signs of bullying is key to early intervention.
  </span>
</p>

<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:17pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Introduction
  </span>
</h2>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Bullying is more than a discipline issue—it can shape a child’s sense of safety, identity, and ability to learn.
    Because many children do not report bullying directly, adults must recognize warning signs early and respond with care.
  </span>
</p>

<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:17pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Understanding the Scope of School Bullying
  </span>
</h2>

<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;background-color:transparent;vertical-align:baseline;white-space-collapse:preserve">
    Bullying continues to affect a significant portion of the student population across the United States.
    A 2022 report from the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) found that 19.2% of students aged 12–18 reported being bullied at school (NCES, 2022).
    This included behaviors such as being made fun of, threatened, physically harmed, or socially excluded.
  </span>
</p>

<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;background-color:transparent;vertical-align:baseline;white-space-collapse:preserve">
    The same study revealed that bullying was more prevalent in middle schools than in high schools, with over 26% of middle school students reporting victimization (NCES, 2022).
    Furthermore, female students were more likely than male students to experience verbal and relational bullying (StopBullying.gov, 2023).
  </span>
</p>

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  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Key Statistics
  </span>
</h3>

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  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Figure 1 — Student reports of bullying (NCES, 2022)
  </span>
</h4>

<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <img src="/uploads/blog/2025/11/14/3ac684ca594c4cf29c44bad64ef62218.PNG" style="width:646.992px;display:block;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:0pt!important">
</p>

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  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Figure 2 — Bullying by school level/type (NCES, 2022)
  </span>
</h4>

<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <img src="/uploads/blog/2025/11/14/0efb5962e201444a8b5a5fdcc21b2630.PNG" style="width:676.984px;display:block;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:0pt!important">
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Cyberbullying
  </span>
</h3>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Bullying doesn’t always end in the classroom. The rise of digital technology has enabled cyberbullying,
    with 15% of students saying they were bullied online or via text in 2021 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023).
  </span>
</p>

<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:17pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Signs That a Child May Be Experiencing Bullying
  </span>
</h2>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Children who are bullied often do not speak up directly. Instead, they display changes in mood, habits,
    or physical well-being. Recognizing these early indicators is essential.
  </span>
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    1. Behavioral Changes
  </span>
</h3>

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  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Avoidance of School
  </span>
</h4>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Children may show a sudden reluctance to attend school, ask to stay home, or even fake illness.
    Chronic absenteeism is a documented effect of school bullying (StopBullying.gov, 2023).
  </span>
</p>

<h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Loss of Interest in Activities
  </span>
</h4>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    A child may stop participating in extracurricular activities they once enjoyed or avoid social events with peers.
  </span>
</p>

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  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Figure 3 — Behavioral warning signs
  </span>
</h4>

<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <img src="/uploads/blog/2025/11/14/b67c49db0fb141a4bf6afa4111bc2dbd.PNG" style="width:615px;display:block;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:0pt!important">
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    2. Emotional Symptoms
  </span>
</h3>

<h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Depression or Anxiety
  </span>
</h4>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Victims of bullying often display increased levels of sadness, irritability, or nervousness.
    A longitudinal study published in the journal <span style="font-style:italic">Pediatrics</span> found that bullied children are significantly more likely
    to suffer from depression and anxiety disorders in later life (Wolke et al., 2013).
  </span>
</p>

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  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Low Self-Esteem
  </span>
</h4>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Negative self-talk, feeling unworthy, or expressing hopelessness may point to sustained emotional abuse by peers.
  </span>
</p>

<h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Figure 4 — Emotional indicators
  </span>
</h4>

<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <img src="/uploads/blog/2025/11/14/e7ca4f19b4e04194a422607c23be42bc.PNG" style="width:583.008px;display:block;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:0pt!important">
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    3. Physical Signs
  </span>
</h3>

<h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Unexplained Injuries
  </span>
</h4>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Frequent bruises, cuts, or scrapes may result from physical bullying.
  </span>
</p>

<h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Frequent Somatic Complaints
  </span>
</h4>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Headaches, stomachaches, or fatigue that are not linked to a medical condition can be psychosomatic responses to stress (CDC, 2023).
  </span>
</p>

<h4 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:12pt;color:#666666;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;vertical-align:baseline">
    Figure 5 — Physical/somatic signs
  </span>
</h4>

<p style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;line-height:1.38!important;padding:0!important">
  <img src="/uploads/blog/2025/11/14/50d8e1e4898c4a9385f028ca6b188e95.PNG" style="width:619.008px;display:block;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:0pt!important">
</p>

<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:17pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Research-Based Evidence on the Effects of Bullying
  </span>
</h2>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    The consequences of bullying are well-documented in academic and governmental research:
  </span>
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Documented Consequences
  </span>
</h3>

<ul style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding-inline-start:48px">
  <li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline" aria-level="1">
    <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important" role="presentation">
      <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
        A study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention linked bullying to increased risks of poor academic achievement, substance use,
        and mental health disorders (CDC, 2023).
      </span>
    </p>
  </li>
  <li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline" aria-level="1">
    <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important" role="presentation">
      <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
        The Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) reported that students who were bullied were more likely to experience suicidal ideation and attempts (CDC/YRBSS, 2021).
      </span>
    </p>
  </li>
  <li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline" aria-level="1">
    <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:0pt!important;padding:0!important" role="presentation">
      <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
        Research in the <span style="font-style:italic">Journal of School Psychology</span> shows that bullying victims have higher dropout rates and decreased long-term educational outcomes (Beran &amp; Li, 2007).
      </span>
    </p>
  </li>
</ul>

<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:17pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    What Parents Can Do If They Suspect Bullying
  </span>
</h2>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    If you suspect your child is being bullied, taking calm, structured, and compassionate steps can make a critical difference:
  </span>
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    1. Open the Lines of Communication
  </span>
</h3>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Create a safe and nonjudgmental space for your child to talk. Use open-ended questions like,
    “Can you tell me about a difficult moment you had at school today?” (StopBullying.gov, 2023).
  </span>
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    2. Document the Evidence
  </span>
</h3>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Maintain a log of incidents including dates, descriptions, and any correspondence with the school.
    This documentation is essential if escalation is needed.
  </span>
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    3. Contact the School
  </span>
</h3>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Meet with your child’s teacher, school counselor, or principal. Ask about their bullying prevention policies and request that your child’s safety be monitored discreetly.
  </span>
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    4. Involve Mental Health Professionals
  </span>
</h3>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Therapists or school psychologists can help your child process emotional trauma and develop coping mechanisms.
    <span style="font-style:italic">You can also explore evidence-based resources and educational tools from platforms like</span>
  </span>
  <a href="https://edumento.com" style="text-decoration:none;border-left-width:0px">
    <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#1155cc;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline">
      Edumento
    </span>
  </a>
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;vertical-align:baseline">
    to support your child’s emotional development at home.
  </span>
</p>

<h3 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:13pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    5. Empower Your Child
  </span>
</h3>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Work with your child to build resilience and assertiveness. Role-play different scenarios and practice safe ways to seek help.
  </span>
</p>

<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:17pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    Conclusion
  </span>
</h2>

<p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    Bullying is more than a phase, it’s a harmful experience with potential long-term effects on a child’s emotional and academic life.
    By recognizing the signs early, consulting evidence-based sources, and taking informed action, parents can help their children reclaim safety and confidence at school.
    Supportive resources like
  </span>
  <a href="https://edumento.com" style="text-decoration:none;border-left-width:0px">
    <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#1155cc;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;text-decoration:underline;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:none;text-decoration-skip-ink:none;vertical-align:baseline">
      Edumento
    </span>
  </a>
  <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
    can play a key role in this journey.
  </span>
</p>

<hr style="margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important">

<h2 dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.2!important;margin-top:8pt!important;margin-bottom:4pt!important;padding:0!important">
  <span style="font-size:17pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:700;text-decoration:none;vertical-align:baseline">
    References
  </span>
</h2>

<ul style="margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding-inline-start:48px">
  <li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline" aria-level="1">
    <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important" role="presentation">
      <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
        National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). (2022). “Student Reports of Gangs at School.” https://nces.ed.gov
      </span>
    </p>
  </li>

  <li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline" aria-level="1">
    <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important" role="presentation">
      <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
        StopBullying.gov. (2023). “Facts About Bullying.” https://www.stopbullying.gov/resources/facts
      </span>
    </p>
  </li>

  <li dir="ltr" style="list-style-type:disc;font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline" aria-level="1">
    <p dir="ltr" style="line-height:1.38!important;margin-top:0pt!important;margin-bottom:8pt!important;padding:0!important" role="presentation">
      <span style="font-size:11pt;color:#000000;background-color:transparent;font-weight:400;vertical-align:baseline">
        Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). “Preventing Bullying.”
      </span>
      <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/youthviolence/bullyingresearch/index.html" style="text-decoration:none;border-left-width:0px">
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        Wolke, D., Copeland, W., Angold, A., &amp; Costello, E. (2013). “Impact of Bullying in Childhood on Adult Health, Wealth, Crime, and Social Outcomes.”
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</ul>

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